1.为何先行项为形容词或副词最高级,关系分句的引导词只可以用that而不可以用which?
2.在非限制性关系分句中,为何which的先行项可以为形容词,which作为关系代词难道不和形容词的词性相违背吗?
3.大家了解双重关系分句有两种状况:
①两个关系分句处于同一层次由并列连词连接;
②两个关系分句处于不同层次,第二个关系分句的修饰范围包含第一个关系分句在内。
那样The beautiful girl whom I love much is my classmate.这个句子由两个定语构成,定语从句的修饰范围是包含beautiful在内的吗,关于adj.+中心词+关系分句的这种结构,关系分句的修饰范围一直包含adj.在内的吗?
期望各位老师给予解答,谢谢!
1.为何先行项为形容词或副词最高级,关系分句的引导词只可以用that而不可以用which?
一般语法书没讲解为何。估计是由于关系词that由指示代词或指示副词that演变而来,关系代词which由疑问代词which演变而来。最高级为唯一性的,确定的,无需which去选择,所以用that。序数词或不定代词修饰的名词也不需要which是同一个道理。
2.在非限制性关系分句中,为何which的先行项可以为形容词,which作为关系代词难道不和形容词的词性相违背吗?
which在非限制性定语从句中本质上是替代了并列句中的指示代词或者人称代词。比如:
He is always careless, which he should not be.
=He is always careless, and he should not be that.
which指代动词短语或分句时也是这样。
He sings well, which I can't. = He sings well, but I can't do that.
He said he never saw her before, which was not true.
= He said he never saw her before, but it was not true.
3 The beautiful girl whom I love much is my classmate.
这句话假如没上下文是有歧义的。假如听说双方眼前只有一个漂亮女生,则the为语境特指,女生的所指是明确的,不需要限制性定语从句,则whom引导非限制性定语从句,whom的先行词就是只不过girl.句子等于 The beautiful girl is my classmate,and I love her very much. 假如听说双方眼前有不止一个漂亮女生,则需要限制性定语从句限定主语是几个漂亮女生中的具体什么,此时定语从句的先行词就是beautiful girl。所以,adj.+中心词+关系分句的这种结构,关系分句的修饰范围并不是一直包含adj.在内的。